The programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1)/programmed death 1 (PD1) costimulatory pathway plays an important role in the inhibition of alloimmune responses as well as in the induction and maintenance of…
Leonardo Riella08/2011
It is believed that blocking positive T-cell co-stimulatory pathways should lead to long-term graft acceptance. Despite the exciting initial achievements in experimental animal models, targeting co-stimulatory pathways has shown to…
Leonardo Riella08/2011
Hypophosphatemia is a common complication after kidney transplant, affecting >90% of patients. However, no specific recommendations for phosphate repletion exist for transplant recipients. We report a case of a 70-year-old…
Leonardo Riella04/2011
The PD1:PDL1 pathway is an essential negative costimulatory pathway that plays a key role in regulating the alloimune response. PDL1 is expressed not only on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) but also…
Leonardo Riella04/2011
Advances in immunosuppression have reduced the incidence of acute graft loss after transplantation, but long-term allograft survival is still hindered by the development of chronic allograft injury, a multifactorial process…
Leonardo Riella11/2010
Riella MC, Pachaly MA, Riella LV, Riella CV, "Sodium Metabolism and Pathophysiology of edema," In: Riella MC. Princípios de Nefrologia e Distúrbios Hidroeletrolíticos (Nephrologic Principles and Electrolytes Disturbances) 5th Edition…
Leonardo Riella08/2010
Riella MC, Riella LV, Riella CV, Pachaly MA, "Parenteral Therapy and Hydroelectrolytic Reposition," In: Riella MC. Princípios de Nefrologia e Distúrbios Hidroeletrolíticos (Nephrologic Principles and Electrolytes Disturbances) 5th Edition G.…
Leonardo Riella08/2010
Riella MC, Riella LV, Riella CV, Zunino D, "Clinical and Laboratorial Evaluation of Renal Function," In: Riella MC. Princípios de Nefrologia e Distúrbios Hidroeletrolíticos (Nephrologic Principles and Electrolytes Disturbances) 5th…
Leonardo Riella08/2010