The immune system has to be tightly regulated to avoid collateral damage. The discovery of regulatory cells in 1985 yielded one of the most important immunological advances in the past…
Facial transplantation is a life-changing procedure for patients with severe composite facial defects. However, skin is the most immunogenic of all transplants and better understanding of the immunological processes after…
The Notch signaling pathway is known to play a pivotal role in T- and B-cell development and fate, presenting it as an attractive therapeutic target in alloimmunity. This review provides…
CD28 is a well-characterized co-stimulatory molecule that interacts with CD80/86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), comprising the critical signal 2 of T cell activation. Targeting CD28 has become an important immunosuppressive…
For severe or refractory rejections, thymoglobulin/ATG is commonly employed in combination with steroids and B-cell targeted therapies when indicated. However, alemtuzumab could be more effective then thymoglobulin since it depletes…
One controversial aspect in the evaluation of potential kidney recipients is the performance of stress tests for risk stratification. With the cost of stress tests ranging from U$2,500-5,000 and the long waiting…
A 31 year-old healthy male donated his kidney to his mother who had IgA nephropathy. Prior to donation, his creatinine was 1.08 mg/dl. One year after donation, his creatinine is…